It looks like your screenshot isn't set up for others to view.
another way to view disks and partitions is:
lsblk
it might give you easier output to interpret.
You can't really repair the bad sectors. The drive has internal mechanisms to "replace" bad sectors but it typically only does this when it fails to write to a sector. You can see how many times this has happened by looking at the re-allocated sector count in the SMART data.
If you're able to see a bad sector count the drive must be visible to the system, hopefully you'll be able to find it via lsblk. Assuming the ubuntu kernel supports xfs you should be able to mount the data partition with something similar to:
sudo su
mkdir /mnt/recover
mount /dev/sdx6 /mnt/recover